Breast cancer is a malignant neoplasm, which develops as a result of the degeneration of glandular tissue cells, their abnormally rapid division and tumor formation.

Risk Factors for Breast Cancer:

At the first place – heredity. Can breast cancer be maternally transmitted?. But don't panic, knowing, that someone in the family had breast cancer. Better take good care of yourself. Do a monthly self-examination, visit a mammologist once a year.

Another factor, vying for first place with heredity, – the changed reproductive behavior of the modern woman. Having given birth to an only child, she is in a hurry to go to work. And nature is destined for her to give birth and breastfeed children.. And the endocrine system, regardless of career plans, works in rhythm, designed to fulfill this mission. Previously, women's lives were coordinated with these rhythms.: throughout their reproductive years, they bore children, breastfed them, and, not to get pregnant again, fed for a long time, allowing the baby to breastfeed until two, and even up to three years. Until now, in countries with high fertility, women do not know, what is breast cancer. clear, that there is no return to the past and not many women, make the birth and upbringing of children the meaning of life. But you need to feed the baby for at least six months, and better – to 9 – 10 months.

A proper reproductive life also consists in regular sexual intercourse. Their absence – third risk factor. Successful women in business are often alone.. There is not enough time and energy not only to arrange a family, but also for meetings with partners. And good still, if the woman does not experience discomfort. In this case, the situation does not pose a serious threat.. But if a woman feels the need for sex, but unable to satisfy her, then it's already fraught with trouble: sex hormones "act out" on the mammary gland. Therefore, try to organize your personal life in this way, so that there is a place for regular sex in it.

promote the development of breast cancer and abortions. From the very first day of pregnancy, restructuring begins in the body. Process starts, for two years (pregnancy and feeding). After an abortion, the hormonal system fails.. Termination of pregnancy at an early age is especially dangerous., before the birth of the first child. Those, who had an abortion before 18 years, the risk of cancer is many times higher.

negative impact on breast health stress. Trains the body only short-term stress, especially if it ends well. Chronic stress, caused by emotional experiences leads to a decrease in immunity. And that means, that the body may not be able to cope with cancer cells. And they are formed in the body every second by thousands.

Can lead to cancer chest injury. Now this factor has gained particular relevance.. Most business women drive. Cases are not uncommon, when the chest is injured during sudden braking. Modern women go in for sports, including extreme. And here, too, it is not possible to avoid microtraumas.. They can make themselves felt in ten years.. Even in public transport, you can injure your chest..

It is not at all good for the mammary glands to constantly wear a bra: constriction interferes with blood circulation. Especially harmful tight, giving a spectacular shape to the bust, underwear. Therefore, go without a bra as often as possible.. Ladies with small breasts can generally do without it – they should only wear a bra when playing sports. And the owners of luxurious, large busts at least at home sometimes have to give the breasts a rest.

That, what prolonged exposure to the sun is harmful, no longer in doubt. But the effect of direct sunlight on the mammary glands is especially detrimental.. Their delicate skin is much more vulnerable, than the skin of the back or legs. She can't reflect the attacks of the sun's rays., and ultraviolet penetrates into the glandular tissue. And since one or another breast pathology occurs in every fifth woman older than 35 years, quite possibly, that you are one of them. The sun can stimulate the growth of a still tiny growth. Therefore, it is better to sunbathe in diffused rays., in the shade and always in a bathing suit.

In this way, currently installed at least 80 risk factors for breast cancer, the main ones can be divided into five classes:

• Sexual, age, constitutional factors: female, age older 60 years, high growth.
• genetic: blood relatives, patients with breast cancer; burdened family history; carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutant genes.
• Reproductive: early menarche (to 12 years), late menopause (after 54 years), no pregnancy, late first birth (after 30 years); not breastfeeding; abortions; high x-ray density mammograms.
• Hormonal and metabolic: hyperestrogenism, hyperprolactinemia, hypothyroidism, high levels of insulin-like growth factor-1, menstrual irregularities, infertility; mastopathy, adnexitis, ovarian cyst, uterine fibroids, endometriosis; obesity in postmenopausal age, diabetes, liver disease; hormone replacement therapy; use of oral contraceptives over 10 years.
• Environmental factors: high socioeconomic status; exposure to ionizing radiation and chemical carcinogens; excess alcohol, fat, calories, animal proteins; lack of vegetables and fruits, dietary fiber.

Breast Cancer Alerts:

• the presence of seals or tumor-like formations in one or both mammary glands;
• discharge from the nipple of any nature, not related to pregnancy or lactation;
• erosion, crusts, scales, ulceration in the area pacifier, areola;
• unreasonable deformity, edema, an increase or decrease in the size of the breast;
• enlargement of axillary or supraclavicular lymph nodes.

The identification by a doctor of at least one of these “alarm signals” requires urgent (at a young age, stages 1 to 4 may take only a few months) referral of a patient to an oncologist-mammologist by a therapist or a mammologist to an oncology dispensary, where ultrasound and puncture should be performed. Then, according to the results, either surgery is prescribed, followed by chemotherapy., or first chemotherapy followed by surgery.

Primary prevention of breast cancer:

Its purpose is to prevent the onset of the disease, minimizing the impact of existing risk factors on the individual patient. Primary prevention of breast cancer is more social.

Late delivery is one of the risk factors. Therefore, the birth of the first child before 30 years, breastfeeding for at least 6 months reduce the likelihood of disease. Moreover, proper use of hormonal contraceptives, planning pregnancies and avoiding abortions are also important.

Problem solving, associated with improving the environmental situation, reducing the effect of various carcinogens on the female body, quitting alcohol and smoking, stress management.

Regular self-examination of the mammary glands, monthly after the end of menstruation. Consistent probing of breast tissue is more appropriate to carry out monthly., preferably on a certain day of the menstrual cycle. Form, symmetry, presence of pits, бугорков, seals, changes in the skin - everything is worth paying attention to. It is also necessary to examine the armpits and the collarbone area in search of individual enlarged lymph nodes.. If you have any doubts, you should immediately contact a specialist.

Primary prevention of breast cancer aims, primarily, to prevent disease and, Consequently, reduction in incidence. The main goal of secondary prevention is early and timely detection of neoplasms., leading to a reduction in mortality.

Secondary prevention:

Secondary prevention of breast cancer (screening) is an examination to detect the disease before, than the first clinical symptoms of the disease appear. Also included is diagnostics and treatment of diseases, which are considered precancerous (mastopathy, fibroadenomas, etc.).

Beginning with 1970 of the year, cancer screening programs in several countries, the purpose of which is early detection of the tumor. Mammography is great for this.. With its help, it is possible to detect pathological changes even before, how can they be felt during examination. Women after 45 years it is recommended to do it annually. Younger people can get mammograms less often, unless they are at risk.

No less informative method is ultrasound of the mammary glands., due to which it is possible to detect a tumor of a very small (3-5 mm) size. It is usually carried out on 5-7 day of the menstrual cycle.

Early detection of breast cancer treatment leads to a permanent cure. Among women, undergoing regular check-ups, including self-examination, death occurs in 30-50% less often, than among the unexamined.

8 STAGES OF BREAST CHECK

To be calm for the condition of your breast, make it a rule to conduct a mandatory monthly self-examination. These are simple manipulations., which will take you only 15-20 minutes of free time. Do a survey on the 7-12th day of the cycle, when the chest, usually, painless.

Stage 1. Stand in front of a mirror, lower your arms along the body and carefully examine the glands.

Stage 2. Examine the glands with hands, raised up, then lift both glands up and inspect their back surface.

Stage 3. Examine the glands with hands, placed on the pelvis.

Stage 4. Raise your right hand up and throw it back behind your head. Feel the right breast with your left hand.

Stage 5. Feel the gland in a large circle in a clockwise direction, and then in smaller circles and so on to the nipple, pressing fingers against the chest wall.

Stage 6. Press on the nipple with two fingers and notice, Press on the nipple with two fingers and notice.

Stage 7. Press on the nipple with two fingers and notice, Press on the nipple with two fingers and notice. Press on the nipple with two fingers and notice. Keep the fingers of the left hand flat and lightly press them on the mammary gland, palpate the entire gland in a circle.

Stage 8. At the end of the self-examination, carefully feel the axillary region for the absence of enlarged lymph nodes..