Tuberculosis - dangerous infectious disease, treatment of which lasts quite a long time and requires mandatory compliance with all doctor's recommendations. The disease is caused by mycobacterium- Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Koch's wand).

The disease statistics are appalling.: infected 1/3 population of the entire world. Of them every year falls ill from 8000000 to 10000000 human, and dies about 2000000. In Belarus, annually falls ill from 4000 to 5000 human.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection occurs by aerogenic route.. Source is sputum, the smallest particles of which are released into the air when coughing, chihanii, conversations, laughter, spitting. That is, with a stream of air it can enter the lungs of a healthy person and cause a terrible disease..

Dangerous for tuberculosis, what destroys lung tissue, what causes death. Moreover, the disease has been latent for a very long time, asymptomatically, and for possible mild discomfort, usually, the person is not paying attention. And the disease progresses and they seek medical help too late, when treatment requires much more effort and time. In addition to the difficulty in recognizing the person himself in the early stages, is, and the ability of mycobacteria to mutate and be resistant 4 anti-tuberculosis drugs. This is one of the main and so far difficult to solve problems of tuberculosis.. After all, the number of existing drugs for treatment is not large. This is where it gets too long., long treatment, which must never be interrupted.

Tuberculosis - dangerous disease. Just think, countless diseases, but they diagnose with the help of Mantoux and a fluorogram for each person, from small to large, every year only this terrible disease. You will not be hired without a fluoroscopy result, can't make an appointment with a doctor.

How can you protect yourself from this hard-to-treat infection?.

Prevention of tuberculosis:

The very first and most important barrier to infection is BCG vaccination., which contributes to the development of strong immunity in our body. It protects children from tuberculous meningitis and prevents the development of severe forms of tuberculosis..

Lead a non-social lifestyle. Until recently, Tuberculosis was classified as a social disease, ie. they hurt people with poor living conditions, labor, sick prisoners. Today tuberculosis does not "look" at the thickness of your wallet, eye color and good smile.

It is important to eat well. Food should contain enough protein, and fat, and carbohydrates. It is good to eat fresh vegetables, fruits. The diet should contain meat and dairy products.

Must be abandoned: from bad habits: smoking, alcohol, drugs. In a word, lead a healthy lifestyle.

Walk outdoors more. Try not to use public transport per hour- peak. Ventilate the premises.

Beware of hypothermia and excessive physical exertion.

Always wash your hands.

Take care of your immunity.

Get an annual fluorogram, and don't forget to do the Mantoux test for the kids.

Take care of your health!

Tuberculosis is today an urgent medical and social problem not only in Belarus, but all over the world. According to the World Health Organization (TRAIN) registered annually in the world 8 million. new cases of tuberculosis and 3 million. deaths from it, including 300 thousand children under the age of 15 years.

In Belarus, the incidence of tuberculosis in 2005 year was among the adult population 50,8 for 100 thousand, among teenagers 19,3 on 100 thousand population, children 4,1 for 100 thousand. During the last years in. About 700 people of the adult population fall ill with tuberculosis every year in Minsk, 10 -15 teenagers 15 children.

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease, caused by Koch's bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Affects the entire body: lungs, brain, kidneys, The lymph nodes, bones, eyes, skin. The causative agent of tuberculosis was discovered by the German scientist Robert Koch in 1882 year and the infectious nature of tuberculosis was proved.

The main source of infection is a person with tuberculosis, which is coughed up, sneezing tiny droplets of sputum and saliva that contain many pathogens of tuberculosis. If the patient has an open form of tuberculosis, then a drop of his sputum can contain up to 2-3 million bacteria. With air, they penetrate into the lungs of children and adults who are close to the patient.. This is the main route of transmission of tuberculosis..

But not every Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes disease.. The body of a healthy person has sufficient strength, to counter the intermittent exposure to single TB bacteria. Child's body, or teenager, weakened by various viral bacterial diseases, such as: ORZ, pneumonia, The first signs of myopia are also often observed after some infectious diseases., bronchitis, more at risk, contracting tuberculosis increases tenfold in case of contact of a child or adolescent with a tuberculosis patient.

Tuberculosis is also dangerous, that in the early stages, when the disease is easily cured, he doesn't show himself. When do signs of illness appear?: subfebrile body temperature, fever, loss of activity, weight loss, fever, Unfortunately, the process goes so far, that it takes months to heal, and even years.

The presence of the causative agent of tuberculosis in the body can be judged by a number of signs.. One of them is a positive tuberculin test.. Currently, all children and adolescents, beginning with 12 one month old, and in case of contact with a tuberculosis patient and more often, annual tuberculin test - Mantoux. This test allows you to establish the earliest period of penetration into the body of tuberculosis infection.. In a child infected with tuberculosis, at the site of tuberculin injection through 48 – 72 hours of redness and swelling (papules) ie. positive tuberculin test. In uninfected children, the Mantoux test is negative. Tuberculin tests are completely harmless to the body..

Medical workers of children's polyclinics, secondary schools and special educational institutions considering the nature of tuberculin tests, sent for examination to the TB dispensary. For children and adolescents with a positive Mantoux test, examination is mandatory, and such a child or adolescent must be shown to a specialist in a tuberculosis dispensary as soon as possible in order to timely prevent the disease or detect it in the early stages.

If in the TB dispensary during the examination it is established, that the child or adolescent has just contracted a TB infection, but no organ damage was detected, a course of preventive treatment is necessary, to prevent the development of tuberculosis. For this purpose, preventive, ie. minimal, doses of anti-tuberculosis drugs (tubazid, ftivazide). It is especially important to carry out preventive treatment for children and adolescents., living together with a TB patient, since signs of infection and illness may appear even after contact with a TB patient has ceased.

Observation of children and adolescents with a positive tuberculin test in a tuberculosis dispensary is carried out throughout the year and, if the disease does not develop. The child or teenager is deregistered. It does not mean, that the threat has passed. An infection that persists in the body under adverse conditions can lead to tuberculosis.. Therefore, sometimes it becomes necessary to re-examine a previously infected child with a phthisiatrician..

The most effective treatment of tuberculosis is carried out in sanatorium kindergartens and sanatorium schools., where the full range of events is held, aimed at increasing the body's defenses, as well as interrupted contact with a patient with tuberculosis.

An important method of preventing tuberculosis in children and adolescents is BCG vaccination - anti-tuberculosis vaccination..

The first vaccination against tuberculosis is carried out in the maternity ward on 3-5 child's life day, and immunity lasts 7 years. Then, to maintain protection against tuberculosis infection, the vaccination is repeated in 7 and 14 years.

The BCG vaccine is administered intradermally at the border of the upper and middle thirds of the outer surface of the left shoulder. Across 2-4 weeks at the injection site, a slight swelling appears with suppuration in the center. It's a natural reaction, requiring no intervention. It is enough to follow the general rules of hygiene, prevent contamination of the vaccination site and its mechanical irritation. Subsequently, a scar is formed at this place.. The general condition of the child during the development of immunity to tuberculosis, usually, not violated.

In addition to these methods of specific prevention of tuberculosis (BCG vaccinations, preventive treatment) it is necessary to increase the body's defenses, by organizing and observing the correct daily routine, rational nutrition and hardening.

The above measures will increase the body's resistance not only to tuberculosis, but also for other diseases..