MALARIA is one of the most dangerous human diseases.. In the areas of her
spread reside 2,4 billion people, or 40% world population. Annually
malaria is contracted from 300 to 500 million people and 1,5 to 3 Number of deaths
dies. 90 percent of malaria cases are reported in Africa, from the rest – about
70% cases in India, Brazil, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Colombia and
Solomon islands. Malaria is also found on the coast of the Red and
mediterranean seas, in the Balkans and Ukraine, in Azerbaijan, Tajikistan and
Uzbekistan. And although there are isolated cases in Belarus, mostly imported
from the listed countries and continents, and in recent years in first place in the number
of imported cases from far abroad came India, but in our country remained
potential carrier in the past of a widespread infection –
malarial mosquitoes and favorable climatic conditions for the development of mosquitoes.
That's why, currently not enough to restart local transmission of malaria
only source of infection, i.e. a sick person.

What is malaria ?
Malaria – is an acute parasitic disease, characterized
periodic bouts of fever, enlargement of the liver and spleen, anemia and
relapsing course.
Source of infection:
sick person.
Ways of transmission of infection:
from a sick person to a healthy person through bites
mosquitoes, in the saliva of which there are pathogens;
through contaminated blood
parasite carriers during transfusion and syringe injections.
You can't get malaria:
in any household contact with a sick person.
Four forms of malaria are known:
– tropical;
– three-day;
– four-day;
– ovals – malaria (the exciter has an oval shape).
The most severe form of malaria – tropical.
Symptoms and course of tropical malaria
Many people, who visited "malarial" countries and fell ill with it, sometimes for a long time and do not know about it.
Some patients may have symptoms of the disease.:
malaise, excessive sweating, unstable chair, an increase in body temperature up to 38 ° C during 2-3 days. Most patients have malaria
starts suddenly and is severe.
After the latency period, average 7 days ( long-term incubation possible 30
days, and 6-14 months, depending on the type of malaria), illness begins
progress. It is characterized by a paroxysmal course. In a sick person, suddenly
attacks begin, lasting until 8 hours and consisting of three phases:
In the first phase – violent chills, duration 3-4 o'clock, replaced by a feeling of heat.
In the second – husband, rises sharply
temperature, accompanied by strong
headache, muscle pain, joints,
nausea, vomiting.
In the third – the attack ends with a copious
sweating and fever.
These episodes can be daily.
or through 2-3 days depending on the pathogen
malaria.
Between attacks, the patient
feels quite well, working capacity is maintained.
Across 2-3 weeks, usually, there is a gradual recovery.
In case of incorrect or untimely treatment, as well as premature
discontinuation of medication, there are violations of the vital functions of the internal
organs, and the sickness returns. Repeated attacks of malarial fever can
observed for three or more years.
Diagnosis and treatment
The diagnosis of malaria is established on the basis of the clinical picture. (appearance
characteristic malarial attacks) and epidemiological history data
(eg, stay in the area, disadvantaged for malaria in recent 3 of the year).
Malaria is treated in a hospital. Patients are admitted to wards,
mosquito-proof, and depending on the type of pathogen, his sensitivity to
chemotherapy drugs, as well as the patient's condition, prescribe a course of treatment. farsightedness and astigmatism
early treatment, the prognosis is favorable. With complicated forms
tropical malaria can be fatal, especially in children and pregnant women.
Those who have been ill with malaria for three years are under dispensary
observation, which includes clinical observation and examination for
carrier of plasmodia.
Prevention and protection measures
Prevention of diseases from all types of malaria is aimed at:
Early detection and radical treatment of patients and parasite carriers. For early
detection of patients and parasite carriers, a blood test is mandatory in all
febrile patients, from malaria-prone areas.
Mosquito control – carriers of the malaria pathogen. In these areas
need to use repellents, applied to exposed parts of the body;,
protect homes from mosquitoes by using protective nets on windows and
doors; apply protective curtains over beds.
Elimination of breeding sites for mosquitoes, improvement of economic and field
reservoirs.
Careful processing of all medical instruments.

Individual prophylaxis in individuals, located in epidemic foci, compliance with all security measures.
A few "golden rules" for faces, intending to visit malaria-prone areas
Contact your doctor or institution, where to get expert advice. find out, is there a risk of malaria infection there, where are you going to go. If yes, which antimalarial drug you should take with you as a preventive measure, how to take it and what side effects can occur. Take the medicine in the doses prescribed by your doctor and continue to do so for 4 weeks after leaving the danger zone.
Protect yourself from mosquito bites. Need to have funds, mosquito repellent, as well as preparations for their destruction. Dress like this from dusk to dawn, to keep arms and legs open. Treat open areas of the body with repellent, the duration of which, with an average 3-4 o'clock.
There, where is malaria common, sleep in a room, windows and doors of which are covered with mesh or under a mesh canopy, preferably impregnated with a repellent medium, the edges of which are tucked under the mattress.
Be aware of the symptoms of the disease. If you suddenly develop a fever, headache, muscle pain, nausea or diarrhea, seek medical attention immediately. Be sure to tell your doctor, where have you been. Malaria can develop later 3 years after returning from travel, even if you were taking antimalarial drugs.
Do not forget, that malaria can lead to death in less than 48 hours after the onset of the first symptoms.
Know, that there are no preventive vaccinations against malaria, and relative immunity in survivors of malaria – short-lived and re-infection possible.
Remember! Compliance with the recommendations and rules of personal hygiene, as well as timely seeking medical help will save you
health and life.