concept “autism” E. Bleuler in 1920. and considered as “detachment of associations from data of experience, ignoring actual relationships”. Autism was characterized in behavioral terms as a retreat from real life into the world of inner experiences., seen as a conscious or unconscious defense against mental pain, giving a person the opportunity to avoid the unbearable demands of the environment. Somewhat later in. overcrowding and poor sanitation have led to. Osipov viewed autism as “separation of patients from the outside world”.

IN. BUT. Gilyarovsky spoke about autism as “a kind of disturbance of consciousness “Get to know the work schedules of psychotherapists and psychologists” and the whole personality with a violation of normal attitudes towards the environment”, while emphasizing, that such patients are closed and alienated from everything else.

The beginning of a systematic approach to the study of the manifestations of autism in children is usually attributed to the 30-40s., when autistic states were described in the childhood schizophrenia clinic, psychoses, violations, based on organic lesions or underdevelopment of the central nervous system. In the 40s, autism was considered and described as a special clinical syndrome with a characteristic developmental disorder of the psyche., the main feature of which is mental loneliness, that ignores everything, what's going on outside (As an example of the activities of outpatient clinics, one can cite the Minsk outpatient clinic. Kanner, Asperger's, FROM. FROM. Mnuchin). Read completely »

Unfortunately, в обществе знаний о туберкулезе очень и очень мало, особенно это касается проблемы прививок от туберкулеза и проб Манту (tuberculin diagnostics).

Для чего нужна эта прививка? И почему, despite , что всех прививают, многие люди болеют туберкулезом?

Прививка БЦЖ нужна для профилактики туберкулеза у детей. Она не защищает от заражения возбудителем туберкулеза, но она реально защищает от перехода скрытой инфекции в явную болезнь (примерно у 70% привитых), и практически на 100% защищает деток от тяжелых форм туберкулеза – от туберкулезного менингита, туберкулеза костей и суставов и тяжелых форм туберкулеза легких. Именно применение вакцины БЦЖ позволило добиться значительного снижения заболеваемости детей туберкулезом вообще, и в частности, уже много лет, несмотря на тяжелую социальную ситуацию, мы не видели случаев туберкулезного менингита у привитых детей.

Прививка БЦЖ, usually, делается в родильном доме на четвертый день жизни ребенка, в левое плечико, на границе его верхней и средней трети.

Почему так рано? Дело в том, что к сожалению, ситуация с туберкулезом в обществе неблагополучна, и далеко не все больные туберкулезом, выделяющие возбудитель, знают о своей болезни, соответственно они не получают лечения и заразны. Поэтому встретиться с микобактерией туберкулеза ребенок может очень и очень рано. А фтизиатрам давно известно, что чем раньше ребенок инфицирован, тем больше вероятность перехода инфекции в болезнь и тем более неблагополучным будет течение заболевания. Поэтому-то и прививку делают максимально рано, чтобы у ребенка успел выработаться иммунитет, чтобы не заболеть. И в связи с этим позволю себе напомнить старинное правило – до месяца не стоит показывать никому из посторонних новорожденного. Read completely »

World Tuberculosis Day, ежегодно отмечаемый 24 марта в нашей стране, призывает правительство, общество в целом и каждого его члена в отдельности содействовать диалогу и сотрудничеству в поиске новых решений в борьбе с эпидемией этого заболевания.

Принимая во внимание высокий уровень распространенности туберкулеза с множественной и широкой лекарственной устойчивостью среди пациентов в Республике Беларусь, а также недостаточное количество случаев успешного лечения указанных пациентов, ВОЗ требует применения новых стратегий и подходов в ликвидации эпидемии туберкулеза.

Лозунгом «Сообща ликвидируем туберкулез» ВОЗ призывает правительства всех стран к диалогу и сотрудничеству, которые объединяют людей и сообщества в поиске новых путей ликвидации эпидемии туберкулеза. Read completely »

Tuberculosis (TB) – infection, which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, characterized by the development of specific granulomas in various organs and a polymorphic clinical picture. The lungs are most often affected, lymphatic system, bones, joints, genitourinary organs and nervous system. If left untreated, the disease progresses and can be fatal..

According to the World Health Organization (TRAIN), about a third of the world's population – two billion people – infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) and are at risk of disease.

Diagnosis and treatment of patients, TB patients, carried out by phthisiatricians. However, primary care providers are involved in the timely detection and referral of TB patients for treatment and can significantly contribute to reducing the burden of TB. Late identification of infectious patients, TB patients, poses a danger to others, and for medical workers, to whom they turn. In addition, PHC medical workers, in collaboration with TB specialists, organize outpatient treatment for TB patients after discharge from hospital. Complete completion of the course of treatment for patients at the outpatient stage is very important for preventing the development of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Read completely »

Drug addiction treatment in Belarus

Drug addiction is a disease, which methodically and mercilessly cripples the destinies of people all over the world. Belarus is no exception. The most terrible thing is the fact, that most of the dead do not live to see 25-30 years. They refuse offers to undergo drug addiction treatment or completely deny addiction. Hearing the word "rehabilitation", the patient begins to zealously defend himself. He promises his family, that he won't use it anymore, although he himself has not believed in it for a long time. Shame prevents you from seeking professional help, guilt and fear of a sober lifestyle.

Why does a drug addict refuse treatment??

Drug addiction is progressing at breakneck speed. Just a year ago, a student smoked marijuana at the institute, and today he already steals money from his parents or takes his wife’s jewelry to the pawnshop, to consume spice or “salt”. Everyone around sees, that a person needs drug addiction treatment. The drug addict himself has mechanisms of denial and rationalization at work., erasing the reality of what is happening from consciousness.

"Even when I had to steal money from my mother, I thought, that I'll borrow it and put it all back in the evening. Mom's words, that I need professional help, were perceived as something hostile. It seemed to me, that just one dose will help me solve all my problems".

These words of one of the patients of the drug rehabilitation center are confirmed, that during active use a person is in a state of complete insanity and is incapable of making sane decisions.

Another reason, preventing timely treatment of drug addiction - the patient’s social circle. There are legends among his “friends”, that rehabilitation doesn't help. The truth is, that most drug addicts have no idea about the treatment method, continues to prove its effectiveness in Belarus. Many people are simply jealous of a person, who begins to think about his future, and are trying in every possible way to keep him in their company. Read completely »