Worldwide, including cerebrovascular accidents in Belarus (strokes) occupy one of the leading places among diseases of the nervous system. Most often they are complications of hypertension and atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels..

sick, stroke survivor, as well as his relatives and relatives should remember, that preventive measures are needed to prevent a recurrent stroke and eliminate the existing defect in speech, in the propulsion system. Before such a category of patients, social and domestic problems can often arise., family, economic problems, service problems, care, communication, etc..
A positive solution to these issues with maximum benefit for the patient will be with favorable interaction between the doctor - the patient - close relatives.. The patient must know a meaningful picture of his illness, believe in recovery; force loves, optimism, patience should be among his first friends and helpers.

Rehabilitation measures after inpatient treatment

After a stroke and a hospital stay, it is important to get the remaining living cells of the human brain to function as quickly as possible.. It also contains non-activated cells ("inhibited"), they need to get back active.

Proper care of the patient during the acute phase of a stroke is extremely important., as it helps to prevent complications, associated with cerebrovascular accident, avoid another stroke.

A good prophylactic in the first days and weeks after a stroke is a special laying of the limbs. (hands and feet), so-called positional treatment.

From the first day, it is necessary to measure blood pressure daily and record it in an observation diary. First 10 days should not quickly reduce its numbers, unless it's too high.

Slowly rise - as soon as the patient is allowed to sit down (sometimes in the first days after a stroke), need help to do it.

Active gymnastics - it usually starts in the second or third week after a stroke. If the general condition is satisfactory, no complications, start exercising as soon as possible, helping to restore walking skills.

Start walking – first with support, then without her, but with support; first time walking around the room, apartment, then up the stairs, in the courtyard.
When learning to walk, pay attention to the position of the foot., check stability, track, so that the patient actively flexes the leg at the hip and knee joints, didn't push her away, did not touch the floor.

Protect the patient from falls for the first time, pause for rest. Invite him to lean on a stick, especially if paresis is expressed (incomplete

paralysis) legs or balance. In this case, high shoes should be worn., it is better to order it at an orthopedic factory.

Therapeutic gymnastics and exercises to restore speech - should begin as soon as the general condition of the patient allows. Especially persistently it is necessary to deal with the first 2-3 months after the stroke - systematically, without missing a day, gradually increasing the load.

Constantly teach the patient independence: Eating, dress, personal toilet skills. Sure, Need help from loved ones, especially the first period, but at the same time, one should not strive to prevent every step of the patient - excessive guardianship also harms him.

In most patients, muscle tone increases during this period. (muscle tension - spasticity) paralyzed arms and legs. Heat treatment contributes to the decrease - in the hospital with paraffin or ozocerite, at home - daily (1-2 times) warm baths with water temperature 37-40°, in which 10-15 minutes immerse a leg or arm.

After a stroke, another complication often occurs in the first months - trophic changes in the joints of diseased limbs., manifested by swelling, pain on movement and pressure. Heat helps well - paraffin or ozocerite applications. It is more convenient to make warm baths and preparations at home, but all this is strictly individual and only for the doctor's prescription.

Some patients, stroke survivors,
inherent indifference towards one's own
condition. They can lie in bed for hours and
look at one point. In such patients, naturally,
even mild disorders are poorly restored
motor functions. They are often helpless
everyone. And this is not due to laziness, and damage to certain areas of the brain. Such a patient should be patiently encouraged to act., by all means to develop the need for movement, walk, self-service. If the patient feels unwell, not in the mood - you should not force him to do it at all costs. Have patience, be kind and gentle to the patient.

Recommendations to the patient

It is necessary to follow the basic rules of the daily routine: keep a close eye on meals, sleep, walking time. Be outside for at least two hours, outdoors!

Food should be varied., contain plenty of vegetables and fruits. Avoid spicy and salty. The total calorie content of food should not exceed the energy expended.. Do not overeat!

Strictly avoid alcoholic beverages! One glass, drunk on my birthday, can make this birthday the last one!Need to drastically limit, and patients with obliterating endarteritis

and atherosclerosis - categorically exclude smoking! Remember, that smoking can lead to spasms of blood vessels and is one of the risk factors for recurrent strokes.

You can't sunbathe without a hat. In hot weather, walks only in the morning hours.

Reduce bath time, exclude the steam room.

Moving to other climatic conditions is not recommended due to the difficulties of acclimatization and the tediousness of long journeys.. Sanitary-resort treatment - on the recommendation of a rehabilitologist.

Do exercises two or three times a day, studied in the hospital; should be remembered , what is therapeutic gymnastics – one of the leading methods in the elimination of motor defects.

Don't forget about breathing exercises. Constant smooth, calm breathing contributes to the normalization of muscle tone. Its normalization in arterioles leads to a decrease in blood pressure and an improvement in cardio- vascular activity in general.

Acupressure and selective massage is not recommended to be done without control at home. Unskilled massage can lead to severe, irreversible changes - contractures.

Avoid emotional and psychological stress- zheniya, so-called stressful situations. Know how to control yourself! Remember, that most diseases – from nerves!

TV is more than just entertainment, but also quite a significant load! Learn to turn off the TV in time!

Be sure to take part in household chores: bed making, rooms, cooking, etc..

Patients with speech disorders should regularly engage with a speech therapist.

Hypertension requires blood pressure control, continuous use of vasodilators

Take only the minimum necessary medication. A large number of medications taken can have an effect, opposite of desired.

Do not self-medicate, especially on the principle - that helped him, Means, and I should help. Medicine, which helped one person well, can cause serious complications in another.

All patients, stroke survivors, should be under the supervision of a neurologist and a rehabilitation specialist.

5-City Clinical Hospital City Health Center

Life after a stroke

for arterial antihypertensive drugs.

Following the listed recommendations and advice will help the patient eliminate or minimize the consequences of this formidable disease and live a full life..
Author:

Editor:
Artist: Computer layout: Release Responsible:

Korol E.A., Head of the Center for Medical Rehabilitation of Neurological Patients, 5-th hospital, PhD.
Arsky Yu.M.

Bibova E.G. Dudko A.V.. Kavrigo SV.

Minsk